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 | Abruzzo Basilicata Calabria Campania Emilia Romagna Parma Borgo Val Di Taro Fidenza Salsomaggiore Terme Friuli Venezia Giulia Lazio Liguria Lombardia Le Marche Molise Piemonte Puglia Sardinia Sicily Tuscany Trentino Alto Adige Umbria Valle D Aosta Veneto | | ParmaItaly > Emilia Romagna > ParmaParma is a medieval city in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna, with splendid architecture and a fine countryside around it. Parma, like most northern Italian cities, was nominally a part of the Holy Roman Empire but locally ruled by its bishops until the commune gained strength in the early Middle Ages. It fell under the control of Milan in 1346, was ceded to the Holy See in 1511. The Farnese pope, Paul III, detached Parma and Piacenza from the Papal States and gave them as a duchy for his illegitimate son, Pier Luigi Farnese, whose descendents ruled in Parma from 1545 to 1731, when Antonio Farnese (1679-1731), last male of the Farnese line, died. The combined Duchy of Parma and Piacenza was given to the House of Bourbon in a diplomatic shuffle of the European dynastic politics that were played out in Italy. It remained separate until the unification of Italy in 1860. Pages referring to ParmaHere are links to a selection of pages that mention Parma within this website: Emilia Romagna Content Referred to by This ArticleFind out more about the information contained in this article by clicking one of the links listed below. Emilia Romagna, Piacenza Snippets of Articles Relating to ParmaItaly > Emilia Romagna Emilia Romagna is one of the most extensive regions of Italy that borders the Adriatic and the Po River. North to Tuscany and Umbria, Emilia Romagna is famous for the fascinating cities scattered along its plains. The large territory consists of nine provinces: Bologna, Ferrara, Forlì-Cesena, Modena, Parma, Piacenza, Ravenna, Reggio Emilia and Rimini. Italy > Emilia Romagna > Modena Modena is a city and a province on the south side of the Po valley, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy.An ancient town, the seat of an archbishop, it is now mostly known as "the capital of engines", given that most famous Italian car factories like De Tomaso, Ferrari, Lamborghini and Maserati were born there or were somehow related to its province. Italy > Emilia Romagna > Ravenna Ravenna is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy, population 134,631 (2001). The city is inland, but is connected to the Adriatic Sea by a canal. Ravenna once served as the seat of the Roman Empire and later the Ostrogothic kingdom. It is presently the capital of the province of Ravenna. | |
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